ВАРІАНТ 5
TASK 1
Read
the given text. Match the sentences (A-H) to the passages (1-5). There are
three sentences you should not use. Write your answers on the separate answer
sheet.
WHEN A COMPUTER ERROR IS
A FATAL MISTAKE
Our lives depend on computers. They control our money,
transport, our exam results. Yet their programs are now so complex that no one
can get rid of all the mistakes.
Life without computers has become unimaginable. They
are designed to look after so many boring but essential tasks — from microwave
cooking to flying across the Atlantic — that we have become dependent on them.
( ) (1) But as the demands placed on computers grow,
so have the number of incidents involving computer errors. Now computer experts
are warning that the traditional ways of building computer systems are just not
good enough to deal with complex tasks like flying planes or maintaining
nuclear power stations. It is only a matter of time before a computer-made catastrophe
occurs.
( ) (2) As early as 1889, a word entered the language
that was to become all too familiar to computer scientists: a ‘bug’, meaning a
mistake. For decades bugs and ‘de-bugging’ were taken to be pan of every
computer engineer’s job. Everyone accepted that there would always be some
mistakes in any new system. But ‘safety critical’ systems that fly planes,
drive trains or control nuclear power stations can have bugs that could kill.
This is obviously unacceptable.
( ) (3) One way to stop bugs in computer systems is to
get different teams of programmers to work in isolation from each other. That
way, runs the theory, they won’t all make the same type of mistake when
designing and writing computer codes. In fact research shows that programmers
think alike, have the same type of training — and make similar mistakes. So
even if they work separately, mistakes can still occur. Another technique is
to produce back up systems that start to operate when the first system fails.
This has been used on everything from the space shuttle to the A320 airbus, but
unfortunately problems that cause one computer to fail can make all the others
fail, too.
( ) (4) A growing number of computer safety experts
believe the time has come to stop trying to ‘patch up’ computer systems. They
say programmers have to learn to think clearly and to be able to demonstrate
through mathematical symbols that the program cannot go seriously wrong. Until
programmers learn to do this, we will probably just have to live with the
results of computer bugs.
( ) (5) Of course, more often than not the errors are
just annoying, but sometimes they can come close to causing tragedies. On the
Picadilly line in London’s Underground a driver who was going south along a
track got confused while moving his empty train through a cross-over point. He
started to head north straight at a south-bound train full of people. The
computerised signalling system failed to warn him of impeding disaster and it
was only his quick human reactions that prevented a crash.
A Experts say ’Bring back math!’
В Old
methods are no longer satisfactory
C We couldn’t live without computer
D Hotels are carefully classified
E An old problem with serious consequences
F A potentially tragic error
G Self-catering accommodation comes
H Two new approaches, but they solve the problem?
TASK 2
Read
the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write
your answers on the separate answer sheet.
WHEN YOU HAVE A SORE
THROAT
What causes a sore throat?
Many things can cause a sore throat. These causes
include infections with viruses or bacteria, or sinus drainage and allergies,
among others. You should see your doctor right away if you have a sore throat
with a high fever, if you have problems breathing or swallowing, or if you feel
very faint. If you have a sore throat and a fever, but you just feel mildly
ill, you should visit your doctor within the next day or two. If you have a
cold with sinus drainage, you may use over-the-counter medicines, like Sudafed
or Actifed. Visit your doctor if this cold lasts for more than two weeks, or if
it gets worse.
How does the doctor decide if I need antibiotics?
The decision to prescribe antibiotics might be based
only on your history and physical exam. Antibiotics usually are prescribed only
for patients who might have ’strep throat’, an infection caused by a bacteria
called Streptococcus. A patient with strep throat might have a sore throat with
fever that starts suddenly, without a cough or cold symptoms. Strep throat is
very common in children from 5 to 12 years of age. The exam might show a red
throat, with pus on the tonsils and swollen neck glands. If you have these
signs, the doctor may do other tests to see if you need an antibiotic.
Why not just give everyone antibiotics?
Antibiotics have a small risk of causing an allergic
reaction every time they are given. Some of these reactions are serious.
Antibiotics can also cause other side effects, such as an upset stomach or
diarrhea. An even more serious problem is that bacteria can become resistant to
antibiotics if these medicines are used frequently in a lot of people. Then
antibiotics wouldn’t be able to cure people’s illnesses. To prevent this from
happening, doctors try to prescribe antibiotics only when they will help.
Antibiotics only help when sore throat is caused by bacteria. Antibiotics don’t
help when sore throat is due to viruses, which are the cause of the common
cold.
If my doctor doesn’t give me antibiotics, what can I
do to feel better?
It will take several days for you to feel better, no
matter what kind of sore throat you have. You can do several things to help
your symptoms. If you have a fever or muscle aches, you can take a pain
reliever like acetaminophin (Tylenol), aspirin or ibuprofen (Advil). Your
doctor can tell you which pain reliever will work best for you. Cough drops or
throat sprays may help your sore throat. Sometimes gargling with warm salt
water helps. Soft cold foods, such as ice cream and popsicles, often are easier
to eat. Be sure to rest and to drink lots of water or other clear liquids, such
as Sprite or 7-Up. Don’t drink drinks that have caffeine in them (coffee, tea,
colas or other sodas).
Should I be concerned about any other symptoms that
occur after I visit my doctor?
Sometimes symptoms change during the course of an
illness. Visit your doctor again if you have any of the following problems:
Fever that does not go away in five days
Throat pain that gets so bad you can’t swallow
Inability to open your mouth wide
A fainting feeling when you stand up
Any other signs or symptoms that concern you
This information provides a general overview on sore
throat and may not apply to everyone. Talk to your family doctor to find out if
this information applies to you and to get more information on this subject.
6 If you have a high fever with a sore throat, you
should see your doctor ...
A within a few days.
В immediately.
C only if you have trouble swallowing.
D after you are feeling better.
7 Strep throat ...
A is a bacterial infection.
В is a virus infection.
C always comes with a cough and cold.
D is rarely treated with antibiotics.
8 Which is not a common side effect of taking
antibiotics?
A Upset stomach
В Diarrhea
C Sleepiness
D Allergic reaction
9 Which does this article not recommend to make a sore
throat feel better?
A Cough drops
В Drinking plenty of water
C Drinking coffee and tea
D Gargling with salt water
10 Antibiotics will help ...
A sore throats caused by viruses.
В sore throats caused by bacteria.
C sore throats caused by allergies.
D all sore throats.
TASK 3
Read
the text. Match each passage (11-16) with the statements (A-H). There are two
statements you should not use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
11 Never more in need of leadership, the Football
Association is finally close to appointing a successor to Adam Crozier.
12 The largest teaching union has pledged to boycott
’disgusting’ national tests for seven, 11 and 14-year-olds.
National Union of Teachers delegates voted unanimously
in favour of the attack on a key Government education policy at the union’s
annual conference in Harrogate.
13 Conservatives made strong gains in local elections
across England yesterday, bolstering the party’s battered morale and shoring up
Iain Duncan Smith’s position as leader.
14 British Airways yesterday admitted it was having to
cut ticket prices heavily to fill its planes as it revealed a sharp fall in
front-of-cabin traffic last month, hit by particularly tough trading conditions.
15 Hungry Eleri Nicholas was about to tuck into a bowl
of Tesco salad — when a locust crawled out.
Housewife Eleri, 26, screamed as the four-inch insect
crept out of the salad leaves and looked up at her.
Horrified Eleri said: ’It was grey and horrible — like
something from a horror movie’. Consumer watchdogs were yesterday investigating
the creepy-crawly which popped out from a ready-to-serve bag of Italian salad.
Eleri had eaten half of the salad the previous night —
and was about to finish it off when the plant- eating insect suddenly appeared.
16 FEARS FOR the future of MyTravel heightened
yesterday after it emerged that Alistair Darling, the Transport Secretary, has
held a series of meetings with the Civil Aviation Authority about the troubled
tour operator. The Department for ………………….
A Minister holds talks with CAA about troubles at
MyTravel
В NUT pledges to boycott national tests
C SBS team’s tank ordeal
D FA sends for the man from Mars
E BA slashes seat prices as first-class cabin empties
F How Brits get their kinky kicks
G IDS reprieved at polls
H 4in locust in Tesco salad
TASK 4
Read
the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22).
There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the
separate answer sheet.
CATCHING A COLD
Many people catch a cold in the springtime and/or
fall. It makes us wonder... if scientists can send a man to the moon, why can’t
they find a cure for the common cold. The answer is easy. There are literally
hundreds of kinds cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will
get, so there isn’t (17) ________________.
When (18) ____________________ , your body works hard
to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and brings congestion with it. You
feel terrible because (19) ____________________, but your body is actually
«eating» the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever, but the heat of
your body is killing the virus. You also have a runny nose to stop the virus
from getting to your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderful
body is doing everything it can (20) ____________________.
Different people have different remedies for colds. In
the United States and some other countries, (21) ____________________, people
might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people take hot baths and drink
warm liquids. Other people take medicines to stop the fever, congestion, and
runny nose.
There is one interesting thing to note- some
scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you.
The virus stays in you longer because your body doesn’t have a way to fight it
and kill it. Bodies can do (22) ____________________. There is a joke, however,
on taking medicine when you have a cold. It goes like this:
If takes about 1 week to get over a cold if you don’t
take medicine, but only 7 days to get over a cold if you take medicine.
A to kill the cold
В a virus attacks your body
C a cure for each one
D the old lady
E you can’t breathe well
F a large kitchen with cookies
G for example
H an amazing job on their own
TASK 5
Read
and complete the text below. For each of the empty space (23-32) choose the
correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate
answer sheet.
THE IDEA
Andy Wasnick loved the idea. Mary Arthur hated it.
Kurt Mendez didn’t think it was any big deal. Mr. El thought it (23)
____________________ a brilliant idea. After all, it was (24) ____________________
idea.
’It’s only fair’, Mr. El explained to his new fourth
graders as they stood (25) ____________________ waiting for the lunch bell to
ring, ’that we turn things around. Every year you guys line up in alphabetical
(26) ____________________. Alphabetical order to go to lunch, to go to gym, to
go home, and so on. This (27) ____________________ we’re using reverse
alphabetical order’.
Mindy Vale put her hand down as Mr. El pointed to her.
’I’ve always had to stand at the back of the line, ever since (28)
____________________! Now I’m near the front. Thank you, thank you!’
The teacher smiled. Then he called on Christopher
Cash, a serious and (29) ____________________ young man. ’Mr. El, I think you
should reconsider this policy. This is very drastic and (30)
____________________. This could confuse our fragile young minds!’
’Put a lid on it, Chris!’ shouted David Tyler.
’We won’t have any outbursts like that, David!’ Mr. El
said firmly. He turned toward Christopher. ’Don’t (31) ____________________ ,
Christopher. We only have strong minds in this class’.
’How many of you think this is a good idea?’ Mr. El
asked. As you would probably expect, most of the hands that went up were in the
(32) ____________________ half of the line.
|
A
|
В
|
C
|
D
|
23
|
is
|
was
|
were
|
to be
|
24
|
that
|
no
|
her
|
his
|
25
|
in line
|
in the
village
|
near the
window
|
in the
bath
|
26
|
letters
|
soup
|
order
|
index
|
27
|
way
|
year
|
alphabet
|
is
|
28
|
breakfast
|
kindergarten
|
yesterday
|
tomorrow
|
29
|
rash
|
thoughtful
|
meditative
|
thoughtless
|
30
|
useful
|
thoughtful
|
unnecessary
|
smart
|
31
|
move
|
worry
|
scream
|
speak
|
32
|
dumb
|
bright
|
angry
|
front
|
TASK 6
For
each of the empty space (33-42) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D), Write
your answers on the separate answer sheet.
STEVEN SPIELBERG
The stars are usually actors and actresses. Most
people do not even look at the name of the director or producer, except one —
Steven Spielberg. When he was a little boy, his father (33)
____________________ him how to use a camera. Later he got his own camera and
started to film things like model train crashes, stories about monsters and
horrible murders. His three younger sisters (34) ____________________ always
the victims. Later he made his first film at home at the age of twelve. It was
a cowboy film three and a half minutes long, and it (35) ____________________
$10 to make. When he was sixteen, he (36) ____________________ a
science-fiction film more than two hours long. (37) ____________________ films
was his great hobby — much more fascinating for him than school. Of course,
Steven wanted to go to film school. But his high school grades (38)
____________________ not good enough! So he just (39) ____________________
along to Universal Studios and asked for a job. Spielberg sometimes (40)
____________________ a lot of complicated effects — in the Indiana Jones films,
for example. But, like in Duel, he (41) ____________________ a fantastic
atmosphere even without special effects. E. T. is a success because of the
feelings and reactions of the children. In 1994 he (42) ____________________
the most important film prize, the Oscar, for Schindler’s List. The secret of
Spielbergs success is that the stories in many of his films somehow look as if
they could happen to ordinary people like you and me.
|
A
|
В
|
C
|
D
|
33
|
show
|
showing
|
showed
|
shows
|
34
|
was
|
to be
|
were
|
is
|
35
|
to cost
|
cost
|
had cost
|
have cost
|
36
|
make
|
to make
|
making
|
made
|
37
|
Making
|
Make
|
Have make
|
made
|
38
|
to be
|
is
|
were
|
was
|
39
|
went along
|
go along
|
to go
along
|
gone along
|
40
|
to use
|
uses
|
used
|
had used
|
41
|
to create
|
can create
|
created
|
make
create
|
42
|
would be
win
|
to win
|
won
|
win
|
WRITING
TASK
43.
Imagine that you are planning a business trip to Edinburg. Write the letter to
the Chapman Company, to Mr. Henry Smith; notify him about your arrival (the
date, number of train, coach, time of arrival) and ask him to meet you.
Write at least 100 words. Do not write any dates and
addresses. Start your letter with
Dear.....